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Case interpretation

Spot Diagnosis

Read a concise clinical vignette, weigh the clues and commit to an interpretation. These are text-based teaching cases from the existing Nucpaedia collection.

What you will practise

  • Identify the key clinical and imaging clues.
  • Compare the available diagnostic alternatives.
  • Review the rationale before moving to the next case.
Clinical vignettesDifferential diagnosisPattern recognition
Read: Clinical topics →

Set up your round

145 questions available

A smaller pool gives a shorter round. In timed mode, the clock sets the round length. Prompt length is a study preference, not a validated difficulty rating.

Before you begin

Open an example to revisit its answer and reasoning.

72M, PSA rising to 2.5 after radical prostatectomy; conventional imaging negative. ⁶⁸Ga-PSMA-PET shows a single avid left external-iliac node (SUV > liver).
Answer

Nodal recurrence

Reasoning

PSMA-PET is the most sensitive test in biochemical recurrence; an avid node with uptake above liver in a typical nodal station is suspicious for disease.

  • PSMA-PET is sensitive even at low PSA (biochemical recurrence).
  • Uptake > liver in a node = suspicious.
  • Beware ganglia and ureteric activity as mimics.
55F, ileal NET, flushing & diarrhoea. ⁶⁸Ga-DOTATATE shows intense mesenteric/liver uptake; one liver lesion is FDG-avid but DOTATATE-negative.
Answer

Dedifferentiated (higher-grade) clone

Reasoning

FDG-positive / SSTR-negative disease indicates a higher-grade, dedifferentiated clone — worse prognosis.

  • Dual SSTR/FDG imaging = NETPET concept.
  • FDG-avid discordant lesions predict worse outcome and may affect PRRT selection.
Post-thyroidectomy DTC with rising thyroglobulin; radioiodine whole-body scan is negative. FDG-PET shows an avid cervical node.
Answer

Radioiodine-refractory recurrence

Reasoning

Rising Tg with a negative iodine scan but positive FDG (“flip-flop”) suggests dedifferentiated, radioiodine-refractory disease.

  • Tg⁺ / RAI⁻ / FDG⁺ = dedifferentiation.
  • This pattern flags candidates for TKI therapy (lenvatinib/sorafenib).