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Short read · Oncology

Deauville Scoring in Lymphoma

Oncology · 2 min read

Two reference organs, five points: is the lymphoma still alive?

A mass left after chemotherapy can be scar or tumour. Deauville settles it with one number, by comparing the hottest residual lesion with the mediastinum and the liver.

The scale

  • Low reference — mediastinal blood pool (aortic arch).
  • High reference — liver (normal right lobe).
  • Score the hottest residual lesion. Read visually; use SUVmax only when borderline.
ScoreHottest residual lesionMeaning
1No uptakeCMR
2≤ mediastinumCMR
3> mediastinum, ≤ liverCMR (usually)
4Moderately > liverResidual disease
5Markedly > liver and/or new lesionsResidual or progressive disease

CMR = complete metabolic response.

The Deauville ladder: score 1 no uptake, 2 at or below mediastinum, 3 above mediastinum but at or below liver, all complete metabolic response; 4 moderately above liver and 5 markedly above liver or new lesions, both residual disease.MediastinumLiver2–3× liver12345none+ newFDG uptake →CMRResidual disease
Remember

“1-2-3, disease-free; 4-5, still alive.” Climb the ladder: nothing, blood pool, liver, above, far above.

Score to response (Lugano 2014)

DeauvilleCompared with baselineResponse
1–3Any residual massComplete metabolic response
4–5Uptake reducedPartial metabolic response
4–5No changeNo metabolic response
4–5Uptake increased, or new lesionsProgressive disease

Score 3 is the grey zone. CMR in routine care; may count as inadequate in de-escalation trials. Report the number.

Timing and pitfalls

Timing

  • Interim — just before the next cycle.
  • End of treatment — ≥3 weeks after chemotherapy (ideally 6–8), or ≥3 months after radiotherapy.
Pitfalls
  • False positives: thymic rebound, brown fat, inflammation, marrow and spleen after G-CSF.
  • Immunotherapy: flare can mimic progression (LYRIC criteria).
  • Low-avid types: small lymphocytic, marginal zone — use CT instead.

The measured version: qPET.

Take home
  • Score the hottest residual lesion against mediastinum and liver, 1 to 5.
  • 1–3 is CMR even with a residual mass. With 4–5, baseline comparison decides the response.
  • Score 3 is the grey zone. Time scans correctly to avoid inflammatory false positives.
Sources
  1. Meignan M, Gallamini A, Haioun C. Report on the First International Workshop on Interim-PET-Scan in Lymphoma. Leuk Lymphoma. 2009;50(8):1257-60.
  2. Cheson BD, Fisher RI, Barrington SF, et al. Recommendations for initial evaluation, staging, and response assessment of Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma: the Lugano classification. J Clin Oncol. 2014;32(27):3059-68.
  3. Barrington SF, Mikhaeel NG, Kostakoglu L, et al. Role of imaging in the staging and response assessment of lymphoma: consensus of the International Conference on Malignant Lymphomas Imaging Working Group. J Clin Oncol. 2014;32(27):3048-58.
  4. Cheson BD, Ansell S, Schwartz L, et al. Refinement of the Lugano Classification lymphoma response criteria in the era of immunomodulatory therapy. Blood. 2016;128(21):2489-96.